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Books about the Spanish Civil War General Vicente Rojo Lluch


is huge amount of literature on this topic. Overcome and distant versions Franco apologetic and exacerbated a leftist others (see bibliography Franco during the dictatorship and the literature of the Iberian Turn editorial during the post-Franco and Transition) we present revisionism which promotes a historiographical debate on the merits absent but it helps to throw harder a certificate or other business.

Basically, the current conservative version of the Civil War is to exploit inter alia: the version of the civil war began in the 1934 revolution in Asturias, responsibility and malignancy of the entire Republican state in the case of the murders Paracuellos del Jarama, premeditated evil of Juan Negrin to end when Andreu Nin and the POUM, the submission of Negrin said the Communist Party and the Soviet Union, extolling the mode of conducting war Franco, the Communist threat during the Second Republic before the armed conflict, the vast amount of material received by the Republic of the USSR, the alleged squandering of gold in Moscow the Czech communist secret .... etc.

the part of the progressive historians prorrepublicano mood or emphasize especially the following: Franco's military mediocrity, the balance of the aid received by the rebel side declaring victory decisive Franco militiaman and highlight the value civil, emphasizing the value of women on the Republican side in all its aspects, highlighting the massacres Franco de Badajoz and Guernica, the pain and the magnitude of Republican exile after the conflict etc ....

Below I will outline some books on the war, leaving for another post after the in-depth review of my two favorite books on the war the titles of which I reserve for now.

In "The Battle of Madrid", the author, Jorge M. Reverte us a fresh portrait of the battle above (the most famous by the Battle of the Ebro) in which we mix a novel style, with hints of witness staff of some peers to the event and turn it all seasoned (excuse me gastronomic language but is the most accurate to portray this book in my opinion) with deep domain academicism and sources (some unpublished until the arrival of this book ) and a wonderful icing on military history as part of war of every one of the sides at the end of each day reported by Reverte. The structure is a war diary (but not write about every day of the battle). The author says that he has excluded the battles of Jarama and Guadalajara because although they are military related to the assault Franco in Madrid do not have the spirit of city besieged by Franco Legionnaires and Moors that he wants to describe. Book rich in detail and entertaining but too heavy for those who want to make their first reading about the Civil War.

In the "BATTLE OF THE EBRO" the author, Jorge M. Reverte we inaugurated a style decals millimeter in his later work "The Battle of Madrid" I just review. The interest of this book lies in the change of scenery. Now not talking about a fierce force of legionaries, Moors, and military Falangists Franco to attack the city of Madrid, now is a clash of titans between the Franco army that has conquered the Cantabrian coast and split the republican territory in two Vinaroz (Castellón) and the Popular Army of the Republic to check all meat on the grill with his newly received Russian material to demonstrate to Franco and the Republic parliamentary democracies has not expired. The interest of the book is that we moved from the front lines to the offices of diplomatic missions and the efforts of Republican Negrin by much of Europe in an integrated manner, as if it were a whole.

In "THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR" Pierre Vilar shows a perfect balance between learning and authentic synthesis (the book has 175 pages.) Does not delve too much in any aspect but it is hardly one of them for trying. Interest highlighted in the beginning and end of the book. In the beginning is to think about the debate on the origin of the conflict and whether it was possible to avoid it and it puts us sample the works of two Republican politicians entitled "Failed Peace" (Jose Maria Gil Robles) and "LA Peace was possible "(Joaquin Chapaprieta). But the best part of the book in my opinion are the author's final thoughts which blames his country (France) for having provided insufficient aid and boorish to the Republic also remind the French citizen, that tanks liberarosn Paris from the Nazis in August 1944 had written in his armor names like Ebro, Guadalajara, Jarama ... (Names of battles in which the Republic fought with better results) and it was because they were exiled Republican soldiers who helped liberate France from the Nazi yoke, just as France refused to do with Spain a few years antes.La harshest part of the book is one that makes reference to the internal matters of Catalonia, a region to which the author is bound both personally and academically and that takes away a little overview of the work.

In "Juan Negrin. THE REPUBLIC AT WAR ", the author of the book, Ricardo Miralles Juan Negrin undergoes a biographical analysis, political, historical and scientific unknown so far and is the first historian who has dared to remove trash on a character that ultimately is being claimed and being put in place that the history of Spain has refused to ahora.La main premise on which Miranda is working to undo the myth of the character's submission to the PCE and the guidelines of the USSR. Recently, a great historian as Angel Viñas said after studying media sources and archives world about the civil conflict that sent Juan Negrin and dragged the PCE and not vice versa. Another thing, I'd say on a personal basis, is that over 700 Russian advisers in all matters military and other fighters of Russian origin did not do some things behind Negrin by direct and secret order of Stalin. Upon learning of these matters Negrin little or nothing could be done against the only country that really helped the Republic military. But it is well known that both the former Republican head of government (Caballero) and Negrin never allowed Soviet advisors would lead military operations and if the communist fighters occupied a prominent place was precisely because of their absolute loyalty and faith Negrin extreme resistance in most military operations. Miralles us apart chapter of relations with Azana Negrin (Head of State) which passed the purest understanding of all aspects of a brutal rift (though keeping forms) by one attempts to resist to the end and other's attempts to mediate and end the war as soon as possible even if it meant serving the military victory of Franco in tray. This book is a foretaste of what lies ahead because recently, Negrin family and descendants have agreed to the opening of personal files of the character. The most original book seems to me the scientific part in full battle Negrin who was able to abstract and attend conferences and write to Congress of Biochemistry and Histology in Europe as well Biochemical and disciple of Cajal era.El book therefore is not for beginners or for those who are unwilling to assume that Negrin was not Stalin's lackey of the Republican

In " RED VICENTE, THE GENERAL FRANCO who humiliated "Carlos Blanco rescues us from the oblivion of history and historiography to this character (discussed in my last post). The best of the book to my view is the analysis of English military world since the early twentieth century until the beginning of the war. We talk about the clash of two current majority in the English military, as the "Africanists" (future members mostly in the coup of July 17, 1936 and the English Military Union, or EMU) and I would call "civilians" (future defenders of the Republic and core of the Union of Republican Forces and Anti-Fascist or UMRA). The book portrays the life of the general brief Red to focus more specifically on his skills as a teacher, student of military affairs and a great strategist of the Republic at war. We uncover the temptation of joining the Red PCE (for his political moderation and discipline as well as revolutionary in the struggle and surrender to the Republican government), practicing his Catholicism, his unknown exile and his return to Spain. A great book for a great forgotten.

Finally, I review the book "fallacy of CIVIL WAR" by the same author, Carlos Blanco. It breaks down some myths we commonly accepted by historians Franco and start to be reviewed in recent years and this book is an example of ello.Nos White speaks falsehood of the communist danger both served as an excuse for Franco to revolt and reminds us that the documents attributed to PCE and covert Soviets in Spain which was planning a takeover and the establishment of a "soviet English" are declared to be false by all historians (both English and foreign) except for the apologists Franco's time. We highlighted the prominent role of White characters in second line in the military uprising but indispensable in it, such as Valentín Galarza (Lieutenant Colonel monarchy acting as liaison between senior military conspirators in Madrid), Santiago Martín Báguena (curator and former subordinate of Mola in the Directorate General of Security). We White emphasizes that the material received from the USSR by the Republic was always a lesser amount and regularity than that received by Franco's fascist powers, this being a point denied by historians always pro-Franco. It shows a certain logic to the author how unlike what Franco said, without the aid of German and Italian Savoia Junkers arrived on July 24 in northern Africa would not have been possible to move troops to the peninsula just and therefore impossible not to start a war but had not even been able to maintain a military coup more than a couple of days.

let me comment on the drawing board for more books on the Civil War including two overall good works such as "THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR" by Hugh Thomas and "THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR" by Antony Beevor. However

stay in the service of my dear readers to solve or extend any aspect of the post.

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In response to my friend and teacher who Tarí Felipe Sigüenza I called in his day a post about an unknown aspect of the Second Republic or the Civil War: I begin by saying there is no need to dig too will find yourself characters or themes treated little or nothing about that period. I looked at several candidates for the final post and I could not decide between the literary and academic stature Manuel Azana or military importance and intellectual stature of Vicente Rojo. I finally decided on the second character, leaving the first for an upcoming post.

previously warn that my post does not intend to contribute anything to his biography and who want to quickly know something about this character can make it through Wikipedia, whose article on Vicente Rojo is quite interesting. My intention is to highlight those points most interesting biographical and easily linkable with Civil War issues as well as add some little known or unknown data on the character.

Vicente Rojo Lluch was born in Fuente La Higuera (Valencia) in 1894 and came from military family, which, together with the family famine drove him to follow family tradition and became a cadet in the Infantry Academy in Toledo in the which appeared in number 4 of about 400 cadets. After leaving the Academy went one time to Morocco and in 1922 returned to the Infantry Academy, but as a teacher and that's when Red starts to emerge as a model military.

already in his time as a cadet read the book "Cadets" of teachers and Angulo Ibañez which in this work trying to instil in students a spirit of army submitted to the will of the people and government power, thus rejecting the vigilante army role of the judiciary. It was to create a modern army, not only in the tactical and material but also ideologically. I must add that this idea runs against the philosophy of African soldiers practiced their particular colonial war in Morocco and had wrapped so pleased our king Alfonso XIII. Featured African military would be Franco, Millán Astray, Yagüe, Mola etc ...; casually Red opponents in the subsequent Civil War.

As a teacher, Emilio Rojo Alamán created with his friend and dearest companion, which is called Military Bibliographic Library, a monthly magazine that was obtained by subscription and achieved great success and spin. It continued the idea of \u200b\u200band Angulo Ibañez and reported on tactics and methods of modern European armies of the time. I must point out a curious, is that some time later, in the civil conflict, and Red Alamán agreed on the battlefield. Ala as a defender of the Alcazar of Toledo and the same red as the attacker. Moreover, both discussed for a moment about the surrender of it, something that never happened.

In February 1936, Vicente Rojo receives the Popular Front victory and was named commander arrives in October 1937 to be general and not only that but being still colonel and was Chief of General Staff of Armed Forces Chief E jército Staff of Earth. For non-experts in military terminology, this means being the head of the Army of the Republic being just below the War Minister, the Prime Minister and the President of the Republic. Prior to this had been the general's right hand Miaja in the defense of Madrid where he honed his organizing power coming to win the respect of friends and strangers.

The theme of the rapid advancement in the military is a controversial topic since long before the war there were tensions within the military institution because of the rapid advancement on merit of war (not always shown), which left the complete humiliation to those who hoped his promotion by seniority. Primo de Rivera attempted to create a commission to oversee these promotions but remained a dead letter until the military reform in the biennium Manuel Azana Republican reformer (1931 -1933).

During the Civil War itself, this issue was more relevant than ever on both sides. Let me explain.

In the insurgent side, there was a shortage of middle managers, lead wires between the officers and NCOs and troops. Thus was created the body of provisional lieutenants. To enter academies lieutenants required only basic high school diploma and pass a course of 24 days. Was 30 days later. This course as well as their entry requirements, duration and commitments were modified following the evolution of the race. The highlight was the fact that the Falange and the Carlist tried to create their own provisional ensigns academies that Franco was against the overwhelming unifying spirit.

On the Republican side, officers were required prepared and was found in the enthusiasm of many militants a huge sack of candidates. Republican leaders demonstrated great value came directly from civilian life and militia. Highlights Cipriano Mera, Valentin Gonzalez, Durruti, Enrique Lister, etc ... but the Republican military training paradigm represents the Fifth Regiment, sponsored by the PCE and formed many troops as oficiales.De Similarly, in the Republican field created, with some improvisation-called People's War School. Republicans airmen were sent in six months Mayoi Russia and a few of them to France.

But back to the Red figure who raised a number of battles to stop the thrust of Franco and that on paper are commendable tactical. Jarama, Guadalajara, Brunete, Belchite, Teruel and Ebro are some battles where Red worked as a planner, and although some ended up in tables or slow losses should not be attributed to red but the complexity and organizational failings of the complex military machine Republican army was mounting a starting almost from scratch and still had three years of time to prevent the Republican cause perish.

After the fall of Catalonia in February 1939, Red was exiled to France a short time and left for Buenos Aires but it was in Bolivia, where from 1943 to 1945 he taught at the School of staff being recognized the rank of general in the English army.

in 1957 is allowed to return to Spain where he was finally pardoned by a life sentence that hung over him as a "helper of the rebellion" (ie, helper to the Republican revolt against the Motion). It is known Franco's sentence on the record of Red, which is written in the handwriting of the Dictator "denying the bread and butter." To all this, militarily only recognized him as a former commander of the Republican Army (before graduation Uprising) and only got to his death in Madrid in June 1966 a few terse comments in some newspapers of the scheme, and a small recognition of reduced Franco's military group that praised its value as a military. Vicente Rojo

fundamental wrote three books are "Warning the peoples" (1939), "Heroic Spain" (1961) and "So was the defense of Madrid" (1967). On her figure

highlight two great books. "Vicente Rojo, portrait of a general Republican" by Jose Andres Rojo, "Vicente Rojo, the general who humbled Franco Carlos Blanco Escola.

are still many things to say about Vicente Rojo. Only three short notes, which each of them separately would for many items. The first point is that Vicente Rojo, chief of the army general "red" always was a practicing Catholic. The second point is that he studied at West Point (U.S.) in the section on tactics and defense. The third point is that it is regarded in the world of military historians as the greatest twentieth-century English military and the best in the history of our country.